Iodine is essential for correct thyroid gland function in the production of hormones. Via these hormones, iodine acts on the body's major functions such as body temperature regulation, growth, nerve function or the use of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in food to produce energy.
Rich foods
Iodine is found in many foods. Sea salt is the main food source in western society, because it is enriched in iodine. All sea products are good sources of iodine, as are vegetables. Current recommendations recommend limiting salt consumption because of cardiovascular risks linked to excessive consumption (high blood pressure).Iodine can be found in foods of oceanic origin such as crustaceans, fish and algae. Iodine is also found in plants that the latter obtain in the ground.
Iodine is an essential trace element for thyroid gland function and is consequently heavily involved in activation of the thyroid hormone system. This trace element is found in all the tissues, but it is stored largely in the thyroid. Indeed, of the 25 to 50 mg found in the body, 50% is concentrated in this endocrine gland located at the front of the neck (under the Adam's apple in humans). The role of iodine is therefore closely linked to thyroid activity.
Roles
In addition to its main role in the production of thyroid hormones, iodine also has other roles: Iodine is needed for the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, which play an important part in regulating cell metabolism. Through the thyroid hormones, iodine is involved in children's growth. It also plays a part in energy metabolism. Iodine acts on cognitive functions such as concentration, memory and reasoning. It takes part in ensuring normal nervous system function. Iodine also helps maintain normal skin.
Daily requirements
In an adult, requirements are around 150 micrograms of iodine per day. These requirements are generally met by a balanced diet. Depending on age and physiological activity, RNI (Reference Nutrient Intakes) for iodine varies.
RNI (Reference Nutrient Intakes) table for iodine :